Street-pavement.



W. E. FICKLEN. STREET PAVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED AUG..21, 1909.

Patented June 2, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

xwsll'foznclj Witnesses W. E. FIGKLEN.

STREET PAVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 21, 1009'.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

m, mi J5 Patented June 2, 1914.

STATES P OFFICE.

STREET-PAVEMENT.

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specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 2, 1914.

Application :tiled August 21, 1909. Serial No. 513,930.

` Street-Pavements, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to street pavements and the like.

'llhe objects of the invention are to imv prove and simplify theconstruction of street pavements, as well as to decrease the expenseattending their construction l and maintenance, and to increasetheirdurability.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, which will appear asthedescription proceeds, the invention resides in the combination andarrangement of parts, forming a street pavement, and in the details ofconstruction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood thatchanges in the particular embodiment4 of invention herein disclosed maybe made within the scope of the claims, and as indicated by thedifferences in the claims, without departing from the spirit of theinvention.

rthe combination and arrangement of parts which I have discovered to beeffective in producing a strong, simple, durable and relativelyinexpensive pavement, includes, first, an earth roadbed, by which llmean either the natural earth as graded and prepared for the receptionof paving materials or a foundation prepared by the use of sand, gravel,ashes, cinders, loose crushed stone, or the like, which roadbed ischaracterized by the fact that it is relatively inert and nonbucklingunder various weather conditions; second, a crust 'laid directly on theearth roadbed and comprising a plurality of concrete sections ofrelatively large area,v capable of t creeping on the earth foundation,or otherwise responding to sunpower, weather andtraiiic conditions;third, expansion joints separating the concrete sections and extendingfrom the top of the pavement to the roadbed, so as completely to dividethe sections into separate monoliths; and fourth, reinforcing meansembedded in andicarried by the concrete sections at the upper portionsof those expansion joints which require reinforcement, said reinforcingmeans being of any suitable construction and forming, in effect, acomponent part of the concrete sections interwoven and mov- I ingtherewith and conforming thereto during the setting of the concrete andduring the creepin traffic shoc (s concurrently with the concrete,thereby having little or no tendencyto of the sections, and receivingWork loose from the concrete, and being supported by the concrete out ofengagement with the earth roadbed.

ln the accompanying drawings forming part of this speciication,-Figure lis a cross section showing a suitable earth roadbed, with they creepingmonolithic sections disposed thereon and completely separated by theexpansion joints, said sections having component reinforcing meansapplied and carried by such' edges as require 'reinforcement, out ofcontact with the roadbed. Fig. 2 is a plan View of the constructionshown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side` elevation of one form of reinforcingmeans; Fig. fl is an end view of the reinforcing member shown in Fig. 3.Figs. 5 and 6 are cross sectional views showing modified means forreinforc-` ing the expansion joints. Fig. 7 is a detail view of thereinforcing means shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a cross sectional viewshowing another reinforcing means in a joint located near a curb. Figs.9 and 10 are respectively a plan and a side elevation of the reinforcingmember shown in Fig. 8. r

Like reference numerals indicate corresponding parts in the differentfigures of the drawings.

In constructing a pavement according to my invention, I preferablyprepare an earth roadbed, as shown in Fig. 1. This roadbed may consistof either the natural earth graded and prepared for the reception ofpaving materials, or any suitable foundation prepared by the use ofsand, gravel, ashes, cinders, loose crushed stone or other suitablematerial, which roadbed preferably is characterized by the fact that itis relatively inert under various weather conditions. Y

Superposed directly upon the roadbed is a. crust comprising a pluralityof substantially rectangular unit concrete sections 1 of relativelylarge area. These sections l may be of any desired shape.

The large concrete sections l are separated from each other by expansionjoints 2 which extend from the surface of the pavement to the inertroadbed and serve` completely to divide the crust into separatemonoliths or sections.

The problem of protecting the edges of various adjustments or so-calledcreeping or crawling movements under varylng sunpower, weather andtraffic conditions; (2)

that it must remain permanently in combination with the unit concretesections and not be loosened or separated therefrom under the variousconditions to which it is subjected; (3) that it must be relativelyginexpensive; and (4) that it must not only protect the edges of theexpansion joint, but 4so far as necessary, reinforce and strengthen theunit concrete sections. and other inherent conditions by employing anysuitable form of reinforcement, which is embedded in and carried by andon those upper portions of the edges of the concrete sections whichrequire strengthening, the reinforcement forming, in effect, acomponentpart of the concrete section.

One egrample of reinforcement 3 is lllustrated in Figs. 3 and 4;. Thisreinforcement 3 includes an, upper bar 5 which is designed to set intothe surface of the section or monolith 1 and to be held in positionthereon preferably by means of interweaving. members 11 and 12, whichare formed by suitably shearing or cut-ting the bar 1 and bending downthe interweaving members 11 and 12 at the pointmarked 9, thus producingthe openings 7 in the bar 5. In the construction of the pavement, theopenings 7 are filled with concrete which is thus exposed on the surfaceof the pavement and serves the purposes,-(1) of providing anti-slippingsurfaces, and (2) of so interlocking or interweaving the bar 5 with the'concrete that it not only sets therewith, but forms a component partthereof throughout the life of the pavement. The reinforcement 3 is alsoprovided with the bar or wing 6 which is disposed at a right angle tothe bar 5, and is interwoven with the face of the concrete sectionwithin the expansion joint. The bar 6 is formed with the interweaving oranchoring members 13 and 14 which preferably are formed by suitablyshearing the bar 6 and bending said members inward, as indicated at 9,thereby producing the openings 8, which are filled with concrete andserve to rivet or interweave the bar 6 with the concrete, thus causingthe bar to become, in effect,a component part of the section during thesetting operation and subsequently.

rEhe wings 5 and 6 of the reinforcement 3 are preferably formed integralwith each other, as indicated at 4.

Another example of reinforcement is in' dicated in Fig. 5, wherein thetwo wings or bars 17 and 18 are formed integral with I meet these' eachother, as indicated at 16 and are provided with interweaving oranchoring members 19 in the form of bolts which are embedded in theconcrete.'v

Another example of reinforcement is indicated in Figs. 6 and 7, whereinthe horizontal bars 20 are formed at the inner edges thereof withinterweaving members or flanges 21which are inclined and formed withteeth or serrations 23. The vertical wings 22 are provided with inclinedserrations 24 which form interweaving members.

Another example of reinforcement 30 is disclosed in Figs. 8, 9 and 1Q.The reinforcement 30 comprises a vertical bar 31 which is set into andsupported by the concrete section 1, atv `the expansion joint and isformed with a plurality of inwardly eX- tending wings or interweavingmembers 32, each having at the inner end thereof a down wardlyprojecting tooth 33. Each ofthe wings 32 is formedwith an opening 35,through whchthe concrete sets.

As indicated in Fig. 2, the reinforcements are set along the upperportions of those eX pansion joints which require reinforcement. Forinstance, the edges of the outer monoliths below the curb reinforcements15 usually do not require to be reinforced. The reinforcements on theremaining sections usually continue along all the edges of the section,but. in some cases the reinforcements may be omitted, or, as indicatedin Fig. 8, the reinforcement 31 may be applied to one section 1 and theadjoining section 1 may be constructed without a reinforcement.

In fitting the longitudinal and transverse reinforcements to a monolithor section 1, the ends of said reinforcements are preferably cut ondiagonal lines, and these diagonal edges are set a slight distance awayfrom each other, so as to permit the reinforcements to move with theconcrete during the slight shrinking thereof at the time it sets.

As shown in Figs. 1, 5, 6 and S, the reinforcements are embedded in andsupported A Y and bind each unit section and thus prevent it fromvsplitting or cracking from its own weight or from other causes lduringthe `powerful reactions to which the `sections are subjected from heat,weather and traiic conditions; (2) the reinforcements are so interwovenwith the concrete and are so supported thereby that they move therewithduring the setting operation, and thus have no tendency to be loosenedby the concrete 4lill dll till

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intensa the unit concrete sections that the shocks re-V ceived by theconcrete and reinforcements are practically concurrent or identical, sothat there is no tendency to loosen or separate the concrete anditsreinforcement.

fllhe pavement of the present invention is strong, simple, durable andinexpensive in construction, as Well as thoroughly practical andedicient in use.

lt claim- 1. A pavement comprising an earth roadbed, a crust supporteddirectly on said roadbed and comprising a plurality of concrete sectionsof relatively 'large area separated from each other by expansion jointsextend ing from the top of the pavement to the roadbed, and reinforcingmeans embedded in' and carried by and continuing along the upperportions of the edges ofthe concrete sections at the forcement.

Q. it pavement comprising an earth roadbed, a crust supported directlyon said road bed and comprising a plurality -of concrete sections ofrelatively large area separated from each other by expansion jointsextending from the top of the pavement Vto the roadbed, said sectionsbeing formed with shoulders Within the expansion joints, and reinforcingmeans embedded in and carried by and continuing along the upper portionsof the edges of the concrete sections at the joints which requirereinforcement, said re-V inforcing means consisting of metal stripslocated on edge Within the expansion joints and resting upon saidshoulders formed in the concrete.

3. el pavement comprising Y,an earth roadbed, a crust supported'directly on said roadbed and comprising a plurality of concretesections of relatively large area separated from each other by expansionjoints extending from the top of the pavement to the roadbed, andreinforcing means embedded in and vcarried by and continuing along theconcrete sections at the joints which require reinforcement, saidreinforcing means eonsisting of metal strips set into the upper surfacesof the concrete sections along the en pansion joints.

d.. A road pavement comprising an earth.

roadbed and rectangular unit-concrete sec tions supported directly onsaid roadbed and constituting a checlrerboard arrangement, said sectionsbeing separated from each other Wherever opposed by another section byexpansion joints extending from the sur :tace of the pavement to theroadbed, each section being armored along the upper edges of eachexpansion joint., p

ti. t sheet pavement of concrete consista inn1 of relatively largeunit'areas or sections eoanoletely separate but contiguous to jointsvvhich require rein.

each other', said areas or sections having eX- pansion jointsbetweenthem extending from the` surface thereof to the earth or sub-baseof ashes, gravel or the like constituting the roadbed, each of said unitsections ybeing bound by a continuing band of metal set into theconcrete upon the surface thereof at the upper edges of the expansionjoints, ,said metal band extending entirely around teach unit section orarca of concrete at the en pansion joints and serving to bind the same.`

6. A sheet pavement of concrete consist-r ing of relatively large unitareas'or sections tti completely separate from but contiguous -to eachother, the said unit areas yor sections having expansion joints betweenthem extending from the surface thereof to the earth or sub-base ofashes, gravel or the like constituting the roadbed, the upper edges ofeach unitsection at the expansion joints be ing embraced by a continuingmetallic band 'set into and overlying the exposed upper edges of thesectional unit of concrete and which band is supported thereby andextends entirely arund the same at the ex pension joints to protect theedgesthereof and to bind and hold and keep intact each unit area orsection to which the metallic' band is applied.

7. A sheet pavement of concrete consisting of large unit areas orsections corn pletely separate from but contiguous to each other, thesaid unit areas or sections having expansion joints between themextending from the surface thereof to the earth or sub-base of ashes,gravel or the like con stituting the road-bed, each unit section be ingbound at the upper exposed edges of the expansion joints by a continuingmetallic band set into the said unit areas or sections to protect theedges thereof at the expansion joints and to bind and keep intact eachunit area or section.

8. il roadway comprising a series of relatively large sections formed ofconcrete the said sections having their confronting edges spaced apartto provide expansion joints between them, also having their upper edgesprovided with corner protectors, the mate rial ofthe corner protectorsbeing removed or breiten away at intervals to form antislipping surfacesnext to the outer edges 'of the corner protectors.

9. t pavement for roadways, comprising a series. of relatively largesections formed of concrete, said sections having their con-l frontingedges spaced apart to provide en pansion joints between them and alsohav ing their upper surfaces adjacent to their said edges provided withmetal corner prottl dll

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\ their confronting edges spaced apart to provide expansion jointsbetween them, metallic protectors for said edges, said protectors beingof angle construction and hav-ing members which cover the edges of thesections and other members which lie upon .the upper surfaces of thesection adjacent to said. edges, the latter members having openingswhich are spaced apart and are arranged to receive the concrete of thesections and to expose the upper surface of the latter to form ananti-slipping surface.

11. A pavement for roadways, comprising al series of relatively largesections formed of concrete, the said sections having their confrontingedges spaced apart to provide expansion joints between them, meta]- licprotectors for said edges, said protectors being `of angle constructionand having members which `cover the edges of the sections and othermembers which lie upon the upper surface of the section adjacent to saidedges, the latter members having openings which are spaced apart and arearranged to receive the concrete of the sections andto Y expose theupper surface of the latter, said members also having anchoringprojections embeddedin the concrete to form an antislipping surface.

12. A pavement for roadways, consisting of Aa sheet of hydraulic cementlaid directly on the earth, Aconstituting the bed of the roadway, saidsheet formed with one or more longitudinal lines of division and with Yaseries of transverse lines of division, all of the said lines ofdivision extending entirely through the sheet to thebed of the roadwayand the transverse lines intersecting the longitudinal lines, said linesbeingrelatively so arranged ,that the sections bounded thereby willveach be of lar'getarea whereby each section is movable and expansible asa unit 'independently of every other, strips of metal set into andprotecting the edges of each section, said strips of metal having upperportions .whichlie upon the surfaces of the sections adjacent the edgesand are formed with openings which vare spaced aparhand are arranged toreceive the hydraulic cement and to expose the upper surface of thelatter.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses. j

WILLIAM E. FICKLEN.

IVitnesses:

GEO. M. HARRIS, GQRHAM CROSBY.

